Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Crossed ABCs Book Report - 851 Words

A is for Aberration. An aberration is someone who has done something bad to lose his or her place as a Citizen. Ky had become a second generation Aberration meaning it was someone before him to do something to disrespect his family. B is for Bram. Bram is Cassia’s younger brother, whom she left, along with the rest of her family to find Ky. C is for Compass. Ky gave Cassia his compass, an Artifact from his parents that Cassia traded for information on Anomalies, which she thought would help her find Ky. D is for Dystopia. The Society was supposed to be a perfect world, but it turned out to be worse than the ways people used to live. E is for Escape. Cassia escaped from the Society to find Ky, who was taken away by the Officials. F is for Farmers. During her journey, Cassia came across an abandoned town where the farmers (Anomalies that fled the Society early on) once lived. G is for Grandfather. He was Cassia’s idol. He influenced her and taught her to be strong. He gave her two poems, one of which she shared with Ky. H is for Hill. The Hill was a place that was special to Cassia and Ky. It was where they first bonded and where he taught her how to write. I is for Indie. Indie went on the journey with Cassia to escape to the Outer Provinces. This also included looking for Ky. J is for Jargon. The Society has words that have special meanings and they have become proper nouns including Society, Citizen, Aberration, and Anomaly. K is for Ky. Ky is an Aberration whoShow MoreRelatedFree Speech for Sale Essay962 Words   |  4 Pageswe as the voters receiving the thorough information we need to make decisions? Or are we being fed censored or biased news, and just eating it up without asking any questions? The movie starts with the story of a politician in North Carolina who crossed the powerful hog industry. The industry targeted freshman state legislator Cindy Watson, a conservative Republican who had helped to curb the rapid growth of the hog industry so that environmental concerns about hog-waste disposal could be addressedRead MoreCase Study: Marketing the ‘Lost’ Tv Drama Abc’s Integrated Marketing Strategy2184 Words   |  9 Pages‘LOST’ TV DRAMA ABC’S Integrated Marketing Strategy MODULE TITLE: MARKETING MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY WORD COUNT: 1999 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objective of this report is to critically analyse the case â€Å"Marketing the ‘Lost’ TV Drama Series† applying the relevant concepts of Marketing Management and Strategy. ABC has introduced the show in 2004 and since then legions of fans follow the adventures of the survivors of a plane crash in a deserted island. The network seems to have coveredRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Food1954 Words   |  8 Pagesquestion is why most countries disagree with these scientific methods. Most of the European countries have banned GM foods because they believe that those foods are unsafe for consumption. In the article â€Å"GMO Foods: What You Need to Know† by Consumer Reports Magazine it is stated that â€Å"A joint commision of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture has established a protocol for evaluating the safety of GMOs which it says have the potential to introduce new toxins and allergens†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (â€Å"GMORead Moreaccounting for flexibility and efficiency: A Field Study of Management Control Systems in a Restaurant Chain2715 Words   |  11 Pagesextracted for visual reference within the Assignment’s Appendix. In summary the organization consisted of over 200 restaurants operating as profit centers fully owned by the company, ran by salaried managers, governed by regional managers who ultimately report under to the organization’s headquarters and board of directors. In terms of ownership, the Restaurant Div ision acted and reported under complete ownership to a leisure group registered under the London Stock Exchange, but at the same time registeredRead More Photojournalism and the New Visual Storyteller Essay2426 Words   |  10 Pagesonly by their imagination will live; those who do not are doomed. In Australia in the mid 18th century a strange new animal was discovered, the Platypus. Biologists had all their books written and all animals placed into their specific categories: mammals, reptiles, and fish, etc. This new Platypus crossed over into many categories. The zoological community was shocked; they had to change the way they thought because of this new beast. To Dirck Halstead, a senior White House photographerRead MoreOrson Wells3937 Words   |  16 Pagespublisher (McBride 45). Welles’s inability to get a picture off the ground began when he first associated with RKO pictures and their rejections of his initial drafts. This sparked the interest of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and in 1943 a report stated, â€Å"This same source states that RKO pictures did not produce any of the scripts written by Welles during that period because the subject matter of the same was considered to be too far ‘leftist’ to be used by the studio (McBride 34).† ThereRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration Is An Integral Part Of Airports3306 Words   |  14 PagesAlthough security checkpoints at U.S. airports allow people to opt-out of full body scanners, most of the time, those who refuse screening must go through a pat-down security check as an alternative. In 2010, the Congressional Research Service released a report detailing the Transportation Security Administration’s revision of its pat-down procedures: The new procedures involve using the front of the hand to search for concealed items and more detailed tactile inspection of areas higher on the thigh andRead MoreAnalysis of Right to Work Laws Essay5677 Words   |  23 Pageseconomy. (Millard amp; Vanags, 1985). This labor movement in our country has brought seemingly alternating cycles of strife and progress in relations between workers and business owners, and has left an indelible mark upon our economy. In this report, it is my contention that labor-management relations are ready to undergo another stage of development. We are going to examine two competing movements in Labor Relations, each of which present philosophically stark contrasts: Right-to-Work, andRead MoreBest Practices in Inventory Management84369 Words   |  338 Pagesholder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 5458 9 For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at www.bh.com Composition by Genesis TypesettingRead MoreInterim Internship Report34088 Words   |  137 Pagessignal) for the trader. The various technical tools that have been used are: Moving Averages (SMA and EMA), ADX and DMI, RSI, Bollinger Bands, William’s % R. Remaining tools like Keltner channel, MACD, Parabolic SAR etc will be discussed in the final report. * Step 4- Study of major fundamental indicators of Euro-GBP on the days of entry points. Some indicators of Euro are Trade Balance, Employment change, French CPI, MBA Mortgage Applications etc and for GBP are Public Sector Net Borrowing, M4

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Civil Rights Dbq - 670 Words

AP History DBQ Analyze the changes that occurred during the 1960’s in the goals, strategies, and support of the movement for African American civil rights. A lot of changes have occurred during this time. Mixed emotions when it came to African Americans and Whites; deciding whether they wanted to be segregated or not. Voting, segregation, being equals just fighting for rights period. The changes that occurred during the 60s were the goals to fight for the rights of all African Americans, being non-violent, and support of everyone who agreed. There are many different people who contributed to the changes. For example, Martin Luther King Jr. in 1960s he and his organization started more and more protest marches and†¦show more content†¦It also gave them the right to vote. Later on, Martin Luther King found out that not all blacks wanted to fight for equal rights the way he did. Some groups became aggressive and used violence. This is where the slogan â€Å"Black Power† became famous. King also fought against poverty. He said there were too many rich people in America and that the poor people should be given more money. In 1966, the Black Panthers began to play an important but short role in the civil rights movement too. The Nation of Islam was very active, but unlike MLK, they advocated retaliation, violence, and separation rather than peace and unity. Around this time, the cops would bring out dogs and have them attack blacks. The blacks felt as though they tried to fight fair for as long as they could, but they were being tired of being pushed around. The process of being equal was taking too long. It drove them to anger, frustration, repression, deceit, and hypocrisy. More vicious dog attacks were being set up by the police, and more police controls became familiar so the blacks began to think they needed to arm themselves. (Document F) People like MLK and Black Panthers all believed in the same thing, they all wanted the same thing. They all wanted equal rights and they fought for those. The goals were to be non-violent and for the most part, they achieved that goal. While fighting for what they wanted and what they deserved they had people who backed them upShow MoreRelatedDbq, Civil Rights Essay2472 Words   |  10 PagesApril 7, 2010 CIVIL RIGHTS DBQ (Document Based Question) Essay The Civil Rights Movement is understood as the collected efforts of many different groups and individuals struggling to achieve justice and equal treatment for all Americans. Several events shaped the time period, particularly those that either showed the extent of injustice and unfair or violent treatment, as well as took direct action against injustice. Additionally, significant events were those where Civil Rights leaders couldRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 Pagesmilitary reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. 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Analyze the international and domestic challenges the United States faced between 1968 and 1974, and evaluate how President Richard Nixon’s administration responded to them. (Form B) 1. Explain the ways that participation in political campaigns and elections in the United States changed between 1815 and 1840, and analyze forces and events that led to these changes. 2010 DBQ: (Form A) 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the politicalRead MoreEssay on Social and Constitutional Development in America (1860-1877)748 Words   |  3 PagesGabrielle Kirshman Yavor APUSH – 1st January 13, 2011 1996 DBQ: Social and Constitutional Development in America (1860-1877) During the post-civil war era, America, specifically the south, was undergoing a period of reconstruction. The general goal of reconstruction was to successfully readmit the former Confederacy back into the Union as smoothly as possible, as well as enacting specific safeguards of freedmen’s liberties. 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Some people say he did it because of his personal beliefs for civil rights. Others say it was a strategic move in order to win the upco ming presidential election. Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for political reasonsRead MoreWomen Reform Dbq1105 Words   |  5 PagesDBQ During the time period from the end of the American Revolution to the Civil War, American womanhood changed greatly. Due to differing beliefs during the time the American women’s ideals became to change. At the time, main beliefs were the â€Å"republican motherhood†, or the thought that women had power in the country’s politics in the sense that they raised the next generation, and the â€Å"cult of domesticity†, or the thought that women should be submissive, moral, and take care of their husbands andRead MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 PagesUsing the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, Sixth Edition A Teachers’ Guide Ray Soderholm Minnetonka High School Minnetonka, Minnesota Using the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition A Teachers’ Guide This guide is intended to suggest some possible ways that students may organize essays related to the document-based questions in the Advanced Placement version of The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition, and to provide teachers with some information on each includedRead MoreEssay on Minority Dbq818 Words   |  4 PagesWWII Minorities DBQ In the mist of the countries involvement in one of the most grueling wars in history new barriers were broken to make room for an equal America. Although true equality was not reached, these short four years would lead to the turning point in American acceptance toward diversity, both in and out of the work place. The movement of thousands of men overseas create a substantial gap in the work place, creating a never before seen chance for women, Blacks, and immigrants to flood

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Significance of Strategic Planning In Business-Free-Samples

Questions: 1. Critically analyze and discuss reasons why the chosen firm may prefer to conduct strategic planning in secret and keep its strategies hidden from all but the highest level executives. 2. Suggest and critically discuss any FOUR mechanisms for the chosen firm to continually survive in a competitive environment. Answers: 1.Significance of strategic planning in secret in organization The world is becoming a slammer place at a steady speed on account of globalisation. Competition has rapidly increased in the current era and barrier to entry has decreased that has given rise to a large number of companies. Competition is thus emerging from all nook and corner of the world and all the companies are vying for the top slot. They want to increase their consumer base by taking recourse to strategic planning. Slack (2015)has evaluated that strategic planning proves to be crucial for the successful growth of an organization and makes an organisation stand apart from that of the rest. Increased incidences of theft of business secrets occur on account of economic stagnation throughout the world. The conversion of analogue business information into that of the digital format makes it more prone to data security theft. PEST Analysis Political- The main task of the management of the organization is to follow all the rules and regulations of the government in the country of their operations. Agility Logistics pays the necessary taxes and follows all the environmental rules to carry on their business smoothly and in an organized manner. Social- The mentioned company must keep in mind the cultural and social factors of the country while carrying on its trade. Population Growth Rate, age distribution is some of the main social factors that are considered in this regard. Economical- The exchange rates, economic condition of the and the inflation rates of the country are considered by the management of the following organization to establish their business. Technological-Technology is one of the main factors that determine the business activity of the organization. Agility Logistics enjoy a superior competitive advantage in the country just because of its ability to utilize the superior technology. Agility Logistics provides first class services in relation to freight forwarding, supply chain management along with that of transportation. It takes great amount of care in order to ensure that the goods are delivered from that of the point of origin to that of the customer without entailing any kind of snag. According to Lee and Lee (2016) they are responsible for delivering the products safely at the hands of the consumer. In the modern era, the economic conditions are very harsh that sometimes drives other companies to steal and make use of the information of others. However Channon and Jalland (2016) have stressed on the importance of strategic techniques as it will help Agility Logistics to spread its influence in the market has to be concealed from the employees of the company because they may end up revealing those vital statistics and information to that of the rival that may act as a severe blow for the reputation of Agility Logistics. The marketing analysts along with bus iness strategists who are working in the company have after thoughtful discussion and deliberation come up with innovative and competitive strategy and at no cost should these information be divulged to the employees of the company. Unknowingly, the information can be passed on to that of the competitor who may reap the benefit of such kind of disclosure. The entire company will get into jeopardy in this kind of scenario and one should maintain extreme caution while discussing about the business initiatives of an organisation (Haines 2016). According to, Sebastian, Kaminsky and Mller (2016) companies prefer using a USB drive instead of that of large amount of paper. There are instances of increase in the number of cyber attack and this has greatly deteriorated the situation. It has been found after thorough research that a large part of trade secret misappropriation is on account of actions that are undertaken by the employees of the company. The employees of the company often get into a fight with that of their superiors and they may end up revealing the business secret to that of their rival. The company has to be extremely careful regarding how to safeguard the secrets of the company and how to stop it from being utilised it by their competitor. Rushton, Croucher and Baker (2014) have suggested that the executives must be careful while using the USBs and other portable devices to store the information as because such devices can be easily hacked nowadays. They have instead suggested on creating a common portal or som e kind of highly modernized device with the concerned persons so that they are the only person who can access any kind of information regarding strategies. There are also other individuals who hack into the system of companies but such kinds of occurrences happen very rarely and to a large extent it is found that the theft occurs because of either a current or that of a former employee. The company should be straightforward regarding the policies of company and about confidentiality because it can pertain to that of the trade secrets. Strategic planning proves to be crucial for an organisation because it gives the company a sense of direction and also outlines the measurable goals of the company. Strategic planning helps in guiding the decisions of the company and proves to be extremely effective in the arena of evaluation of progress. Hamada, Benadada and Gendron (2016) have discussed that it also takes into consideration the changes that should be brought about in the organization so that the company can grow and prosper. Strategic planning should only be communicated to that of the executives working at the highest level because they would be able to ascertain whether the strategic planning initiative is of value and would be of benefit for the company. Valuable information should be constrained to a few people without the assistance of whom such strategies cannot be brought into effect. On the other hand, Ramanathan, Ramanathan and Ko (2014) believes that Agility Logistics need not necessarily talk about the strategic planning to all the employees but only to those people whose consent is absolutely necessary for the plan to be implemented. The top executives would provide the budget with the help of deliberations with other groups so they should be clearly informed about all kinds of strategic planning. They would finally approve the plan and their insights can also prove to extremely beneficial for the development of the company. The people in the top executive are generally people with sound knowledge of business planning and are experienced in the corporate world so they can help in removing obstacles in the path of strategic planning and provide great help that can help the company to rise above that of their competitors and occupy a distinct position in the industry (Taniguchi and Thompson 2014). Meeting the demands of the consumer along with superior service are significant benefits in relation to logistics management. The consumer asks for better service and the shipper should be able to provide service that is of high quality. Logistics management is of great significance for satisfying the customers and hence all organizations are on the lookout for a good logistics organization that can deliver the services along with goods. Logistics management will help the company to gain control over that of the inbound freight and it also helps in keeping the inventory at the optimal level. Agility Logistics should maintain extreme caution to hide essential information from the employees so that they do not end up revealing such important facts to other company that can threaten the reputation of the company. The people who are working at the position of the top executive should only be made known about the strategic planning of the business so that they can be of great service in t he process of implementation and planning of the strategy. 2.Four Mechanisms that can help in survival within a competitive environment According to Da Silva et al. (2016) Total Delivered Cost Management is an important arena of Logistics Management which involves the ability of being able to analyze the total supply chain cost from that of the source of supply to that of the final point of the distribution. The slower growth of the market is the first part of the four mechanisms. The slower growth can lead to the deficiency in the operations of the business. Total cost software engine is necessary for Agility Logistics in order to make important logistic decisions and in order to ensure that execution is in line with that of upstream sourcing decision. Logistics Process Automation is another important mechanism that can be used by the companies to survive within the framework of a competitive environment. However Taniguchi and Thompson (2014) argues that sometimes the personnel of logistics spent a large amount of time on activities that are of low value instead of spending it on important approaches that can help t he company in the arena of continuous improvement. This is often referred to as ocean booking problem and involves the process of identification and transaction in relation to the international moves. According to Yang (2013) technology should be deployed by Agility Logistics so that it can help in the process of automation of manual booking process, manage global transportation carrier and execute it within a single environment. In-vehicle sensors can be used along with that of other integrated device and embedded sensors within containers can help in the process of capturing and sharing real-time data.According to Richter and Stiller (2016) Agility Logistics should move from that of traditional approach to that of a mature goal that can help in improving the quality of service. The provider can make use of sensors and RFID chip in order to transmit information that is critical. Hu and Sheng (2014) has recommended that beacons can be used in the ware houses in order to help users for the process of locating things along with that of navigation. Agility Logistics can aim at achieving Sustainable Supply Chain in order to balance the social along with that of environmental objective s. On the other hand Zailani, (2014) has suggested that reporting in relation to the green house emission along with that of carbon foot print can help in the process of optimization of supply chain that can help in the process of waste management and thus contribute in a positive manner to that of Green Logistics. Ultimate goal in relation to Agility Logistics will revolve around the area of one touch information flow in relation to diverse activities. The accuracy of information proves to be critical for that of a logistics company. Bichou (2014) suggests that Agility Logistics should use direct EDI integration with that of the ocean carrier along with web portal of other service provider in order to achieve real-time visibility. Data timeliness along with accuracy can also be achieved by utilizing this kind of mechanism. Facilities should also make use of bar code scanning for the generation of status update on the areas of shipment along with inventory. Richter and Stiller (2016) suggests that a robust visibility system that works on real-time basis can prove to be an effective mechanism that can be employed by Agility Logistics in order to grow and develop as an organisation. Global logistics execution is a complex arena and necessitates advanced traffic control that is in the form of real-time visibility in order to solve the purpose of avoiding congestion. Conclusion The thorough analysis of the report has helped to identify the different business level strategies that the different executives and persons in charge of formulating the strategies undertake. These strategies are totally kept secret to other employees and are only revealed to the high level managers and officers before the implementation of the strategies. The secrecy is maintained just to make sure that their competitors are kept in dark and to withhold the competitive advantage in the market. References: Bichou, K., 2014.Port operations, planning and logistics. CRC Press. Channon, D.F. and Jalland, M., 2016.Multinational strategic planning. Springer. Da Silva, P., De Novis, P., Araujo, F., Kyrillos, L. and Sacomano, J., 2016. The Challenge of the Reverse Logistics of the High Tech After-Sales Equipment: A Comprehensive Study. InInformation Systems Logistics and Supply Chain: 6th International Conference. Haines, S., 2016.The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press. Hamada, Y., Benadada, Y. and Gendron, B., 2016, May. Strategic planning problem represented by a three-echelon logistics network-modeling and solving. InLogistics Operations Management (GOL), 2016 3rd International Conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Hu, Z.H. and Sheng, Z.H., 2014. A decision support system for public logistics information service management and optimization.Decision Support Systems,59, pp.219-229. Lee, P.T.W. and Lee, T.C., 2016. New Concepts in the Economies of Flow, Connection, and Fusion Technology in Maritime Logistics.Dynamic Shipping and Port Development in the Globalized Economy: Volume 2: Emerging Trends in Ports,2, p.198. Ramanathan, R., Ramanathan, U. and Ko, L.W.L., 2014. Adoption of RFID technologies in UK logistics: Moderating roles of size, barcode experience and government support.Expert Systems with Applications,41(1), pp.230-236. Richter, A.T. and Stiller, S., 2016. Robust Strategic Route Planning in Logistics.Transportation Science. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P., 2014.The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Sebastian, H.J., Kaminsky, P. and Mller, T., 2016.Quantitative Approaches in Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Springer International Pu. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Taniguchi, E. and Thompson, R.G. eds., 2014.City logistics: Mapping the future. CRC Press. Yang, C.Y., 2013.Understanding the Role of B2b Social and Relational Factors on Web-based EDI Adoption: A Collaborative Approach in the Container Liner Shipping Industry(Doctoral dissertation, University of London). Zailani, S., Iranmanesh, M., Nikbin, D. and Jumadi, H.B., 2014. Determinants and environmental outcome of green technology innovation adoption in the transportation industry in Malaysia.Asian Journal of Technology Innovation,22(2), pp.286-301.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

What Makes Democracy Succeed or Fail

Table of Contents Introduction Public sphere Civil society State Causal relationships and social mechanisms Conclusion References Introduction The word democracy is famous in the world today. It is used to describe a form of government that allows equal opportunities to all its citizens. Also, it is used to influence the policies and laws of a nation. In such administrations, people who meet certain standards are free to convey their views.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes Democracy Succeed or Fail? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"democracy is a government of the public, this government works for the citizens and it is administrated by citizens†. In America, democracy is demonstrated in the exercise of democratic procedures such as voting for the president or members of congress. Before any democratic government comes into power, people have to be enlighte ned. In other words, enlightenment precedes democracy. Immanuel Kant claims that â€Å"enlightenment is man’s liberation from his self-incurred immaturity† (Kant, 1784). Immaturity in this text is the inadequacy of a man to make his own decisions without the input of other people (Kant, 1784). It is said to be self-imposed when people choose to lie not because they lack understanding but because they do not have the will and courage to make a personal decision (Kant, 1784). For this reason, it is necessary for the public sphere, civil society and state to be enlightened to strengthen democracy. Enlightenment will help them to reason publicly and express their opinion while keeping the state in check. The success or failure of democracy is determined by the state, civil society and the public sphere. When these institutions are functioning properly democracy succeeds. This paper examines how these three institutions influence the democratic process. Public sphere The pu blic sphere is a key component of democracy because it represents the opinions of the people. It determines whether democracy succeeds or fails. Jurgen Habermas (1996) in his article â€Å"Civil society and the Political Public Sphere† claims that the public sphere is a social experience. It is similar to a collectivity but different from an organization. It does not embrace the principles or frameworks of an institution. It has no membership or leaders. The public sphere is a system that represents the opinions or views of different people. The opinions of people in different social spaces vary. All these views are synthesized and combined to form one common opinion (Habermas, 1996). These opinions are reproduced in the course of communication. There are different forms of the public sphere: political, religious, scientific, and art among others. Democracy requires freedom of speech and this freedom can be found in the public sphere. Influence is a vital element of the publi c sphere that affects democracy. It is based on a mutual understanding of individuals in a social space (Habermas, 1996). Consequently, public views can be used to influence the voting behavior of the jury, government organizations or citizens.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The influence of the public sphere in a political realm can be used as political power when it follows institutionalized processes (Habermas, 1996). This power can be controlled by political leaders or other parties. On the other hand, this influence usually attracts a power struggle. Some leaders or organizations that have the influence of the public sphere can capitalize on their power for their own selfish gain (Habermas, 1996). Such actions destroy democracy because power is transferred to a minority instead of the public. According to Habermas, the public sphere should recognize problems, categorize them and find a feasible solution (Habermas, 1996). If the communal opinion is manipulated, then it means that the solutions will meet the needs the few people in power. Therefore, democracy thrives where the public domain is free from manipulation or blackmail. In addition, the system of communication must capture the views of the citizens without biases. The public sphere enlightens the citizens. It provides an avenue where people think for themselves without considering the views of others. Civil society Civil society has a decisive role in preserving democracy. In the past, civil society was defined in terms of the Marxian theory. It represented the Bourgeoisie class. However, civil society has undergone a revolution. Habermas describes the civil society as organizations that are distinct of the government or any economic affiliations (Habermas, 1996). They include institutions of learning, religious groups, and mass media. They are voluntary groups that secure the systems of c ommunication that make up the public sphere. Religious groups typically provide moral boundaries as opposed to political. According to Tocqueville, associations help to fight individualism and promote freedom in politics (Habermas, 1996). Civil society exists only in civilized communities that allow liberation and freedom. Otherwise, different organizations can arise without a cause. Unlike public spheres, civil societies can only find influence and not political control. This is because civil groups seek power for the people and not themselves. Additionally, these organizations must meet certain requirements. They have to respect the rights of people and the rule of law. The function of the civil society is to represent the people and regulate the authority of the state (Habermas, 1996). The can do this by ensuring that the state uses its power efficiently. One of the vices that lead to the failure of democracy is corruption.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on W hat Makes Democracy Succeed or Fail? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Once the state is corrupt, people will be denied the opportunity to express their opinion and build the nation. Corrupt officials control public issues in order to benefit. For that reason, the civil society holds the key to democracy. They have the ability and power to educate the public on issues concerning their rights and duties as egalitarian citizens. In this process, civil society provides enlightenment. Moreover, civil society can help citizens, and the government to develop critical values such as respect for divergent views, concession, acceptance, and control. Civil society brings people from different social and symbolic spaces together based on their common interests. By encouraging people to come together, civil society curbs individualism. Civil society is a key partner of a democratic state. State Although a democratic government refers to a governme nt managed by the people, the state is equally significant. A successful democracy requires a dependable state. Such a state must promote equality and not dictatorship. It also requires the support and reverence of its people. Tocqueville in his book Democracy in America compares democracy in two states, France and America (Tocqueville, 1835). He claims that one of the dangers facing democracy is extreme devotion to equality. According to Tocqueville (1835), if everyone is equal then no individual has the right to regulate the affairs of another. The only opinion would be majority rule, but this will lead to authoritarianism. If multitudes control power they will acquire despotic tendencies and the minority will suffer. The role of the state in democracy is to ensure that citizens are not trapped in individualism and materialism. Hence, to minimize or avoid these tendencies, the state can endorse institutions such as the Supreme Court and the jury (Habermas, 1996). These institution s may be flawed, but they provide balance. Such systems allow individuals to respect other people and use their freedom wisely. Additionally, the state can support other non-institutional organization like the media and religious group. Causal relationships and social mechanisms Democracy demands equality. However, equality has two consequences. First, individuals are enlightened and allowed to express their opinions. Individualism and oppressive characteristics can emerge. Secondly, equality can prevent an individual from thinking and instead depend on the decisions of others. Kant describes this as immaturity. Such people allow others to think for them. Fascism and Nazism developed because people allowed other people to make decisions. The state, civil society and the public sphere offer a balance for equality and promote democracy.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The views of Kant, Habermas and Tocqueville are relevant and credible in strengthening democracy. Tocqueville in his book recommended the democratic system in America because it embraces the elements of the public sphere, civil societies and the state. All these institutions and prodigy have to function well for democracy to flourish. The public sphere communicates the opinion of the people. The civil society anchors the public domain by supporting them. It also checks on the state. Similarly, the state provides a framework for the civil society and the public sphere to succeed. These associations combat despotic and individualism tendencies. The question as to â€Å"what makes democracy succeed (or fail)?† is determined by the achievements of the public sphere, the civil society and the state. If these key institutions prosper then democracy will succeed. References Habermas, J. (1996). Civil Society and the Political Public Sphere. In J.C. Calhoun J. Gerteis (Ed s.), Contemporary Sociological Theory (pp. 388-405). New Jersey: Blackwell Publishers. Kant, I. (1784). What is Enlightenment? In J.C. Calhoun, J.Gerteis J. Moody (Eds.), Classical Sociological Theory (pp. 39-43). New Jersey: Blackwell Publishers. Tocqueville, A. (1835). Democracy in America. In J.C. Calhoun, J.Gerteis J. Moody (Eds.), Classical Sociological Theory (pp. 55-71). New Jersey: Blackwell Publishers. This essay on What Makes Democracy Succeed or Fail? was written and submitted by user Tanner Mitchell to help you with your own studies. 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